For The Light And The Photography

Why is so important ot know some basics for the light and photography ?

For light photography is the source of existence and one of the major imaging equipment.
Through it creates plasticity of objects brings to exist, but one is a living, dynamic and mood in the picture. Ourselves while filming, constantly looking for the exact terms, spectacular lighting which has a certain pattern of what you shoot, and do not feel how obey unintentionally all the laws of physics.

 What exactly is light and why it is so important for photography - why she paints each image to be sealed. What causes and what causes it Samten - properties, phenomena? You say while contemplating the material is returned to the 8th grade in Physics because .... answers to these questions give optics (as its title).In fact, the two main parts optics dealing with the phenomena of light are geometric and wave optics. You will say "wow now what these things" - but very simple - they are the same - light in different approximations
First, look around, and before heading reading "geometric" and "wave" terms, try to see or imagine light. Hard right, then how is it that still see it? Well, very simple in fact we see the result of her appearance-wavelength range of colors and through the viewer space, volume and texture of objects, landscape and color variety. Only a small part of it is visible to the human eye.
There is no exact boundaries of the visible spectrum. Usually it is assumed that the human eye is sensitive to wavelengths of light from 400 to 750 nm. Accustomed to light eye is usually the most sensitive to wavelengths around 555nm, ie in the green region of the visible spectrum.
So within this visible spectrum blend into each other all the colors known to us - the spectral composition: red (720 nm) to violet (400Nm). On both sides of this spectrum is the invisible part where infrared and ultraviolet rays.
Measure the spectral composition of light is its color temperature - something that is very important for photographers - we owe this set tone in each picture. In general, natural light is white. Natural daylight is at a temperature in October 5200 Kelvin. In cloudy weather is 6500K and the sky radiation is 2000K. Artificial bodies typically have a temperature of light between 2700K - 3500K. And when it came to natural light - it is the most common source that was filmed and directed, diffuse or spectacular. Directed volume highlights the objects created svetlosenchest pattern improves visibility and depth of space (deep shadows and highlighted areas like effect). Diffusion is the most pleasant because it is equally in all directions, deleted objects in detail and creates flexibility.
The last type of natural lighting is spectacular and it is determined by the position of the sun.
 Well here you all know when it's most photogenic time - before sunrise and at sunset - then the position of the sun is between 0-15 degrees. The brightness of the spectral changes quickly and moves mostly in the red part of the spectrum, the temperature is in the range of 2300-4500K. Shadows are unusually long and thick, has a strong index of refraction of the rays.

 Normal lighting is then from 8-10:30 pm between the morning and 2 hours. and 5h. afternoon (sun is positioned 15 to 60 degrees) with a constant light intensity and spectral composition stable
-The most inappropriate time for photos is the zenith of the sun - between 11am. and 1h. afternoon (65-90 degrees). Light is stronger because actinic blue-violet range. Deformations are obtained, does not feel the volume and plasticity, strong contrast between light and dark places.
Gometrichal optics seems to be more understandable and easier.
Namely, it assumes that light travels evenly and in a straight line at a constant speed in a homogeneous environment. This line is called the beam and is assumed to be infinitely small diameter. Depending on the environment in which it is moving and changing its speed. Deviations from rectilinear motion of light can only have the boundary between two media, they all boil down to two phenomena - reflection and refraction.
Wave optics is more related to physics. Here we take a little ray of geometric and real ponakadren is already a wave. Wool also does direction and speed has many parameters, such as frequency / period, wavelength, amplitude and polarization. Now, given these characteristics, we can describe many beautiful phenomenon such as dispersion, diffraction, interference, scattering and absorption. It is difficult to determine which of these phenomenon we see most often, so I'll start with the most mentioned - polarization. The movement in one plane light vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the plane. In sbalask with some in objects it reflects or refracts and change their vibration intensity and direction of 90 degrees, so most simply polarized light is nothing but reflected or refracted. On this principle are made and polarized glasses and filters we use for photos.
One of the most interesting phenomenon is the variance - ie it is used to explain the variety of colors. As I said above, the light is white, has a length (defining color) and speed. When run in a transparent space - such as air - different waves travel at different speeds and thus refract differently (indicator) thus decomposes white light throughout their spectral composition. Example - rainbow sparkle in the rain, colored highlights on the CD-s are the result of this phenomenon. However, dispersion is the main cause of chromatic aberration.
Shadows of objects and partial back-lit areas is due to the diffraction of light. Ie it is the ability to deviate from its rectilinear movement when it encounters a hole or barrier.

Interference will not go, I'll just say that it is due to partial shading of some surfaces and used in optics.
 Another most beautiful phenomenon of light is - scattering and absorption.
The transparent medium (air) light tends to dissipate and over part of it to change direction. In such environments shortwave dissipate less than Daly (short waves are in the red part of the spectrum, many in blue). In nature, the best example of this phenomenon can give the sky - the phenomenon we are grateful for its blue color, incredible lighting effects in many clouds (Markov who adores) and of course the fiery sunsets and sunrises. In fact, the position of the sun is setting on which part of the day which waves dissipate stronger, which are weaker and will set the tone. Now I think I understand why most photogenic landscapes is time for cloudy, early morning and late evening.

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Photo lens

    Compact, attractive design, more megapixel ... These are key political leaders factors that firms producing digital cameras compete to attract customers. In this extreme megapixel race but stayed in the background to focus lenses. A good lens is much stronger guarantee of a good picture than a couple of pixels more or less.
What determines getting a good fotografiy? Two things - the ratio between the size of the matrix and the number of megapixels and quality optics. In the first situation dependency is simple - the greater matrix, the quality of the image at the same resolution. With lenses, however, things are more complex.
Often traders to impress amateur buyer that the unit, which deals with a lens by Carl Zeiss or Leica and therefore should be bought. However, the brand of the lens does not guarantee anything, especially overlap cheaper compact cameras.
  To achieve the best results when shooting, the lens must be consistent with the objectives photographer. The first thing to keep in mind is the focal length, which was written around the front lens of the camera. Therefore lenses are divided into three types - wide, normal and telefokus.
    Lens with a focal length to 50mm are called wide. In this class are called  "Super wide" lens with a focal length of 20 mm inclusive, and called. lens "Fisheye" covering 180 degrees viewing angle. Wide-angle lenses are suitable for capturing large subjects or scenes closely when there is no space behind. Wide-angle lenses have pros and cons. The main advantage is the ability to capture a large depth of field. For example, if you shoot to many people, located on foreground and background, the - best option for them all to be in focus is the use of wide-angle lens.
The biggest disadvantage of wide angle lenses is distortion of lines and perspective. Sometimes objects appear more distant than they actually are, if the picture was taken with a wide angle lens. If you're at the foot of a tall building and point the camera up to shoot it, the lines of the building will look slanted like to meet somewhere in the distance.Also, people seem more rounded. Naturally depends only photographer to be turned into an advantage in the picture.

     In 35mm format lenses with normal focal length of 50 to 55 mm. Their visual angle is about 45 degrees, which makes them pretty close to the eye. These lenses are great for shooting at any distance, except for very close objects. Images look almost as we see scenes with our eyes, which makes them suitable for "pictures of memorial."

  

     Telefokus lenses have a focal length of 60 mm and can reach up to 2000 mm. They are good for capturing distant subjects in close-up. A telephoto lens made ​​and loved by all portraits defokusiran background. Their small viewing angle - 12 degrees at 200 mm and 4 degrees at 600 mm - allows the frame to remove distracting elements. Compared to wide angle telephoto lens have less depth of field, and the subject of the picture seem closer to each other.

   For shooting objects at close distances (centimeters and millimeters) are needed so called. Macro. Most zoom lenses, which are designed to shoot in macro mode, can recreate the object in the picture on a scale from 1:4 to 1:3 from its natural size. True Macro, however, must be able to provide the site with 0.5 x magnification to 1x, or in other words - the entire half his size. Macro primarily used for shooting very small objects - the usual example is a picture of a bee sitting on a flower. They can take pictures, and other objects at different distances.

Another type lenses are mirrored (or katadioptrical reflex) lenses. They belong to the telefokus lenses. The difference is that they are more compact size. This is due to their specific structure - the lens in the lens body is less than ordinary lenses telefokus. Instead, many lenses, the body is placed in a system of two mirrors "fold" the light and allow a large increase despite the small size. However, the expense of image quality. Another problem is that the mirrored lenses work with a very small aperture of f / 8, which makes shooting at high shutter speeds.

In determining the "length" of the lens should not be forgotten Crop-factor. It is the ratio between the size of the matrix and 35 millimeter film. To get the focal length of the lens after you put a digital camera, you must multiply the actual focal length of a Crop-factor camera. So if you put a 15 mm lens body 1.6 Crop factor, the lens is extended to 24 mm and out of the group of super wide. Similarly, we can calculate that a normal 50mm lens becomes a 80 mm lens telefokusen etc.

Everything said here applies to DSLR-apparatus. For compact cameras Crop-factor is used to create lenses with high zoom and very small size. Their focal length is usually observed in the 35 mm equivalent format.

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Photo equipment

      There is come the question  'What kind of  photo equipment we must use? -  about work or hobby , which is for the most of us Photography .
      Cameras, filters, tripods, lenses, film types, electronic flash - these are the tools of photography.They should be managed.In every moment we have to know what we need and this should be done without much thinking.
Our thoughts will be occupied with the composition of the picture.We can compare this example with the profession of mechanics.He knows his tools and use them routinely removed as a problem.Of course, practice is the best teacher in this case.
       Professional photographers use medium and large size equipment.This allows a larger area of the film and provides photocopies with more fine grain, more  and better detail , more smooth tonal transition - this fact concerns large digital matrix too. Moreover ofstudio photographersare rearly move their equipment.
       Best popular for professionals and serious amateurs are SLRs and their modern incarnation digital SLR fotoaparats.For most common form among film materials considered 35 mm film.But remember that the principles of photography apply to any kind of photo equipment .ie. camera.The man behind the camera creates a picture, not so much technique.
       For a good choice of lens should know that for a portrait at the shoulders - suitable short tele lens with a focal length between 75 and 135 mm.If you want to take pictures outdoors or improvised shots in your room will be needed wide angle lens.When shooting outdoors should ask yourself some questions - How much of the scene would like to show? How can approach?Photojournalists use a wide angle and a zoom lens.They have no power over events and to react quickly.This two types of lenses achieve almost all results.

  

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Two Portrait Tips

                                                               Tip # 1

When looking tru the camera viewfinder  search for items that can enrich the message of the picture, colors, shapes, contours of objects that are like frames.This can always be applied in confined spaces and where their people do.
  

                                                          Tip #2

The environment provides a lot of ideas, but it should not be shifted object of the photogrphy.Оften environment itself induces shooting. Then the presence of the people you shoot a building for example, enriches the picture, but they are better in smaller proportions.
  

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Happy New Year and Let Talk About Photography

    Happy New Year For All Of You !  Wish You All The Best  !
                          And a Lot Of Good Shots This Year !


                        Some other methods for good photogrphy
  
    Last time we talk about depth of field and image sharpness.If you're shooting indoors and want someone close to the background to use it you need a wide lenses.Try to focus on the subject and aperture is wide open ,the front object will stand blurry.When you will want front and background objects are more sharply depicted reduce aperture and the shutter speed. If the background behind the site is colorful and there is a risk of confusion with the object than use small depth of field.
Then back background will become a mix of colors that will stand out on the sharp focusing obekt.In  these cases may again have to choose between wide angle and telephoto according to the desired depth of field.
      Let talk about a pfoto cameras and the basics of making photodrphs.Maybe your photo camera is Digital SLR  - they are the best , but only if you are looking for very good results.If you have more simple automatic camera you will learn very good tips to make good shots at this blog - about composison , light  but i am shure that you will  like the basics.
      It will be very funny if you have good camera , but don't use her's full potential.By the way the manual is the key.O'key , let's go .
      For a person to use the full potential that a device, he must understand the importance of a well-exposed image. Exposure, generally speaking, the amount of light reaching the camera sensor. It depends on three main factors that can adjust the settings using the camera (aperture, shutter speed and ISO) and the fourth - the amount of light we have. The image below is presented a conection between them, but I will focus on each separately.

Apreture

Aperture, called  also the diaphragm, is a mechanism through which light can reach the sensor. 

Imagine opening the aperture is like the pupil of your eye. Pupil expands to absorb more light, and when we go into a dark room. The opposite happens when the sun is shining outside - the pupil shrinks to absorb less light. The same principle works and aperture. A wide aperture - more light falls on the sensor, a narrow aperture - less light falls on the sensor. And now let me explain it in numbers.

Aperture size is indicated by the number f. The smaller the number, the wider the aperture will be and the more light will be absorbed. The higher the number, the less light will be absorbed.

  

Shutter speed
Shutter speed, generally speaking, is a setting that determines how long the shutter of the camera remains open to let light. The speed is measured in fractions of a second and works on the following principle: the faster is closed, the less light will pass and vice versa - the more slowly closed, the more light will pass. My example here with the human eye is again very relevant. The faster mignem, less light and therefore miss the longer keep our eyes open, the more light will be absorbed.


ISO
Sensitivity matrix (movie) is indicated by the number ISO. When the number is higher, you need a little light to get proper exposure. Of course, when it is ISO-high matrix is sensitive, leading to noise in the frame. Something did not feel like it.
I will not dwell further because this is the setting that almost never change. For the best results, shoot at the lowest possible ISO, which is usually 100.

All settings are talking about above can be changed when shooting fully manual settings (button M for Canon), but mostly I use the program, aperture priority (Av button on Canon), which enables me to change the number f, and the other settings are entered automatically by the camera.


RAW format
 It is something like a digital negative and has a number of advantages and unacvantages.

Advantages - possibility to change many settings such as white balance, exposure compensation, noise cleaning, Picture Style, etc.; storing more information about frames
Disadvantages - files are voluminous and require additional processing program

Exposure Compensation
Very often it happens that the unit calculates the correct exposure, but for one reason or another, the result does not satisfy us. And here comes the option to escape exposure compensation with which one can easily achieve your goal. Normal exposure has the value 0 (middle photo). If you want your photo to be lighter, ie overexposed (right picture), the line moves to the positive (+) value, and if you want the image to be darker, is underexposed, moved to the negative (-) (left picture).

                              The picture is from www.sunshineskitchen.com 


DOF - Depth of Field
The depth of field is one of the most popular effects in photography. In it the main subject is in focus and everything behind it is out of focus. The degree of depth of field is controlled by several factors:
- Focal length - Telephoto, ie those who are approaching, take pictures with shallow depth of field ( unfocused) and wide-angle lenses take photos with greater depth of field ( focused)
- Distance to the object - the more closer to your subject, the less will be the depth of field (unfocused). Conversely - if you shoot a few meters away from the object, it will be crystal clear.
- Aperture - here already mentioned. The less the number is f, the more blurry the background is a picture.
If you often use this effect in your photos, you must have light sensitive lens, ie lens with a low maximum number f. 

                               The picture is from www.sunshineskitchen.com


Focal point
Like the depth of field, focal point can create different moods and different stories to tell. 

                                         The picture is from www.sunshineskitchen.com

The number 1/4000 is the 

Shutter speed , F 5.6 is the number of 

Apreture ,  -2..1..0..1...2  is the Exposure Compensation , ISO 100 is the ISO - sensitivity matrix (movie).

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